Managing stimulation of regional innovation subjects’ interaction in the digital economy

The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project No. 18-01000204_a, No. 16-07-00031_a, No. 18-07-00975_a.Purpose: The article is devoted to solving fundamental scientific problems in the scope of the development of forecasting modeling methods and evaluation of regional company’s innovative development parameters, synthesizing new methods of big data processing and intelligent analysis, as well as methods of knowledge eliciting and forecasting the dynamics of regional innovation developments through benchmarking. Design/Methodology/Approach: For regional economic development, it is required to identify the mechanisms that contribute to (or impede) the innovative economic development of the regions. The synergetic approach to management is based on the fact that there are multiple paths of IS development (scenarios with different probabilities), although it is necessary to reach the required attractor by meeting the management goals. Findings: The present research is focused on obtainment of new knowledge in creating a technique of multi-agent search, collection and processing of data on company’s innovative development indicators, models and methods of intelligent analysis of the collected data. Practical Implications: The author developed recommendations before starting the process of institutional changes in a specific regional innovation system. The article formulates recommendations on the implementation of institutional changes in the region taking into account the sociocultural characteristics of the region’s population. Originality/Value: It is the first time, when a complex of models and methods is based on the use of a convergent model of large data volumes processing is presented.peer-reviewe

Mortality from undetermined causes of death in Russia and in selected countries

Deaths due to injuries and poisoning which experts cannot identify, such as homicide, suicide or accident, are registered in statistical databases as deaths due to an event of undetermined intent. The proportion of such deaths can indicate the quality of statistics on causes of death, above all of statistics on intentional self-harm and assaults. In Russia, the proportion of deaths due to events of undetermined intent among other external causes has been growing for almost four decades. Such a trend was observed in the past during periods of growing mortality from external causes. Yet the steady and long decline in mortality from external causes in Russia that began in 2003 has not stopped the trend. The displacement of other external causes continues, though mortality from events of undetermined intent has exceeded both suicide and homicide mortality, and its proportion has increased tenfold, reaching very high levels relative to those of other countries. In several studies done in Russia over the past decade, scholars have argued that such a high proportion essentially results from the manipulation of statistics on mortality from external causes, the so-called conversion of socially important causes of death to a latent form. The factors behind the persistent rise of the proportion of deaths due to events of undetermined intent (EUI) are analysed on the basis of a review of relevant research and long-term trends in mortality from external causes in Russia and selected developed countries. This makes it possible to expand the contextual framework of the discussion about the factors of the persistent growth of this “technical” indicator and about the hypothesis of the “natural” character of such dynamics

The challenge of social innovation : approaches and key mechanisms of development

Recently, a key motive for innovation has been the generation of economic value. Currently we are facing a challenge to develop new approaches to involving the public in solving social problems through innovation based on collaboration and cooperation. Consequently, there is an urgent requirement to shape a favorable environment for innovation, creating both economic and social value. The purpose of this study is to reveal mechanisms for the development of social innovation that can be successfully introduced and implemented in Russia. The advantage of a systems-based approach to social innovation is that social innovation is defined as institutional change leading to the emergence of new routines (traditions) or practices. The use of benchmarking, along with comparative and historical analysis, to study foreign experiences of social innovation makes it possible to identify best practice in creating the conditions needed to develop social innovations, organize innovation processes and promote systemic innovations. On the basis of information received, key mechanisms of social innovation were identified, including that of innovation mediation. The system capabilities of Living Labs in the promotion of social innovations were, in particular, investigated.peer-reviewe

Recent advances in study of high-temperature behavior of non-stoichiometric TaCX, HfCXand ZrCX in the domain of their congruent melting point

Melting behavior of nonstoichiometric carbides of tantalum and hafnium remains one of the most challenging tasks in the high-temperature materials science despite the fact that the first studies of melting of these compounds are dated back to the beginning of 60’s. However, the data on melting points of tantalum and hafnium carbides in the vicinity of their homogeneity domain are still very contradictory. Zirconium carbide is a more studied compound, which makes him a sort of the reference material for testing the method of investigation, since its melting point is substantially lower. But even for this material, the data on its solidus and liquidus parameters look very incomplete and need to be clarified. In present study the parameters of the solidus and liquidus line for TaCx, HfCx and ZrCx are studied using laser heating technique similar to what described in [1]. A special emphasis is given on the accurate measurement of temperature and determination of spectral emissivity in course of the experiment using advanced multichannel pyrometry. The phase transitions corresponding to solidus and liquidus are determined by means of the laser-probe reflectometry, peculiarities in spectral emissivity behavior in the vicinity of the phase transitions and by high-speed video recording of the melt formation and freezing. New data on solidus and liquidus parameters for the Zr-C system in the homogeneity domain are presented. The temperatures of congruent melting of super-refractory carbides TaC and HfC are determined along with the data on their solidus and liquidus lines close to the congruent composition. The measured melting point of HfC was found to be close to the value given in a recent paper [2], whereas the melting point of TaC, according to the data of the present study, exceeds the value given in [2] by more than 150 K. The second part of the study concerns evaporation of UHTC carbides and focused at significant extension of the temperature domain limited earlier to ca. 3000 K. In the present study the method and apparatus used for determination of the composition of carbon vapor presented in [3] were significantly improved in order to make a further considerable extension towards extremely high temperatures. Due to some major improvements in the design of the TOF mass spectrometer, time-shape of the laser pulse and pyrometer time resolution the vapor composition at laser-induced evaporation of zirconium carbide samples of various starting composition within the homogeneity domain ranging from ZrC0.65 to ZrC1.0 were investigated up to 4500 K. Thus, molecular composition in vapor during evaporation of liquid ZrCx was obtained for the first time. The conditions of congruent evaporation of liquid zirconium carbide are estimated using the experimental data. References 1. Manara, D., Sheindlin, M., Heinz, W. & Ronchi, C. New techniques for high-temperature melting measurements in volatile refractory materials via laser surface heating. The Review of scientific instruments 79, 113901, (2008). 2. Cedillos-Barraza, O. et al. Investigating the highest melting temperature materials: A laser melting study of the TaC-HfC system. Sci. Rep. 6, 37962, (2016). 3. Pflieger R., Sheindlin M., Colle J.-Y. Advances in the mass spectrometric study of the laser vaporization of Graphite. J. Appl. Phys. 104, 054902 (2008). This work was supported by Russian Science Foundation under Grant No. 14-50-0012

Hydrodynamic permeability of aggregates of porous particles with an impermeable core

A hydrodynamic permeability of membranes built up by porous cylindrical or spherical particles with impermeable core is investigated. Different versions of a cell method are used to calculate the hydrodynamic permeability of the membranes. Four known boundary conditions, namely, Happel's, Kuwabara's, Kvashnin's and Cunningham/Mehta-Morse's, are considered on the outer surface of the cell. Comparison of the resulting hydrodynamic permeability is undertaken. A possible jump of a shear stress at the fluid-membrane interface, its impact on the hydrodynamic permeability is also investigated. New results related to the calculated hydrodynamic permeability and the theoretical values of Kozeny constant are reported. Both transversal and normal flows of liquid with respect to the cylindrical fibers that compose the membrane are studied. The deduced theoretical results can be applied for the investigation of the hydrodynamic permeability of colloidal cake layers on the membrane surface, the hydrodynamic permeability of woven materials

Methods for assessing the technical compatibility of heterogeneous elements within a technical system

The article provides methods for assessing the compatibility of elements in the design of complex technical systems. The compatibility of the elements is considered as the main indicator that determines the quality of systems including heterogeneous elements. The presented methods make it possible at the design stage to choose a technical solution that is most suitable for the project objectives, taking into account the operating conditions of the system. The methods make it possible to evaluate compatibility by a single and complex indicator. The choice of indicator depends on the purpose of the assessment. An example of methods implementation in the design of systems including an electric drive and pipeline shutoff valves is considered. It has been experimentally proved that in systems with low values ​​of the compatibility level, the actual power characteristics exceed the required values, which leads to additional voltages in the system elements and their breakdowns. The results of the assessment of typical systems allowed to identify the shortcomings of existing structures and propose alternative solutions to problems. The compatibility of elements within the framework of a technical system makes it possible to increase the functional efficiency of systems with minimum weight and size and power characteristics, to optimize the price-quality ratio, and to increase the competitiveness of the final product

Coping Responses During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Russia, Kyrgyzstan, and Peru

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has subjected people around the world to severe stress, evoking a variety of coping responses. Coping responses can be broadly classified into four strategies: 1) problem-focused coping; 2) emotion-focused coping; 3) socially supported coping; and 4) avoidance. While there is a wide variability of individual coping responses, to some extent they are also culturally specific. Objective. This study aimed to compare the differences in the prevalence and factor structure of coping responses during COVID-19 pandemic in three countries: Russia, Kyrgyzstan, and Peru. Design. The sample included 501 participants from Russia, 456 participants from Kyrgyzstan, and 354 participants from Peru. The mean age of participants was 28 years in Russia (SD = 13.5); 24 years in Kyrgyzstan (SD = 10.0); and 30 years in Peru (SD = 12.3). In Russia and Kyrgyzstan, coping strategies were assessed with an abbreviated Russian adaptation of the COPE (Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced) questionnaire. In Peru, coping responses were assessed using the Spanish version of the Brief COPE questionnaire. The average scores from fifteen COPE scales were used as the input data for linear modelling and factor analysis. Results. The coping scores varied substantially within each country. Differences between countries accounted for 17.7% of the total variability in religious coping; 15.8% in acceptance; 13.9% in mental disengagement; and less than 7% in the other coping strategies. No difference in the prevalence of coping responses was found between Russian and Kyrgyz participants after accounting for age and gender. In all three countries the coping responses were associated with the same four coping domains: problem-focused coping, socially supported coping, avoidance, and emotion-focused coping. Four factors explained up to 44% of the total variation in the COPE scores. Religious coping and mental disengagement were classified into different coping domains in the three countries. Conclusion. The results suggest that during the COVID-19 pandemic, people from different countries apply the full range of coping responses within the four universal coping strategies. Religious coping and mental disengagement differed the most across the countries, suggesting that some coping behaviors can take on different roles within the system of coping responses to stressful events. We attribute these differences to differing cultural and socioeconomic characteristics, and the different measures taken by governments in response to COVID-19

Chronicles of nature calendar, a long-term and large-scale multitaxon database on phenology

We present an extensive, large-scale, long-term and multitaxon database on phenological and climatic variation, involving 506,186 observation dates acquired in 471 localities in Russian Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Belarus and Kyrgyzstan. The data cover the period 1890-2018, with 96% of the data being from 1960 onwards. The database is rich in plants, birds and climatic events, but also includes insects, amphibians, reptiles and fungi. The database includes multiple events per species, such as the onset days of leaf unfolding and leaf fall for plants, and the days for first spring and last autumn occurrences for birds. The data were acquired using standardized methods by permanent staff of national parks and nature reserves (87% of the data) and members of a phenological observation network (13% of the data). The database is valuable for exploring how species respond in their phenology to climate change. Large-scale analyses of spatial variation in phenological response can help to better predict the consequences of species and community responses to climate change.Peer reviewe